Consequences of orthodontic treatment – far more than just an aesthetic desire for some people, in most cases, orthodontic treatment is a health necessity. However, as with any treatment, it can leave lasting effects.
It is possible to minimize these side effects. Sometimes, at the end of treatment, the dentist needs to correct them. It is important that the patient undergoing treatment is made aware of the risks of prolonging the treatment time.
The fact that he does not take attending appointments on scheduled days seriously and does not prioritize them can lead to delays in the progress of the case and increase unwanted effects on the tissues and structures related to the treatment.
Increased risk of cavities and stains.
Wearing orthodontic braces can present some challenges regarding oral hygiene:
1. If oral hygiene is not adequate, the significant accumulation of bacterial plaque can cause the development of cavities and gingival inflammation.
2. Cavities and periodontal problems: Poor hygiene with braces can result in food debris becoming trapped between the brackets, elastics, and wires, leading to cavities and periodontal complications.
3. Tooth discoloration: During the removal of orthodontic appliances from patients with poor oral hygiene practices, the dentist may identify stains on the teeth caused by demineralization.
4. Halitosis: Lack of hygiene can lead to halitosis, or bad breath.
During this period of life, it is advisable to increase the frequency of prophylactic checkups performed by the dentist.
Sequelae of orthodontic treatment
Ulcers and lesions in the oral mucosa – foreign body effect
It is common for patients starting orthodontic treatment to experience discomfort and possible irritation during the initial phase, especially until they fully adapt to the braces. Among the most frequent problems are the appearance of sores on the cheeks and lips, and in some cases, mouth ulcers. These discomforts are temporary and usually decrease as the oral tissues adjust to the braces.
Some ways to circumvent, avoid, or remedy these situations include:
1. Orthodontic wax: Orthodontists usually provide orthodontic wax, which can be applied to the parts of the braces that are causing friction with the soft tissues of the mouth. This helps reduce irritation and prevent sores from forming.
2. Mouthwashes and gels: Using alcohol-free mouthwashes and gels specifically formulated for mouth sores can provide relief. These products help maintain oral hygiene and accelerate the healing process.
3. Topical analgesics: Topical analgesics, such as anesthetic gels or ointments, can be applied to irritated areas to temporarily reduce pain and discomfort.
Sequelae of orthodontic treatment
4. Softer diet: Avoiding hard, sticky, or thick foods during the first few days can reduce pressure on the teeth and minimize discomfort.
5. Proper oral hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential to prevent infections and accelerate healing. The use of orthodontic toothbrushes, dental floss, and mouthwashes recommended by the orthodontist can be very helpful.
6. Cold compresses: The user of the device can apply cold compresses externally to reduce inflammation and relieve discomfort in the affected areas.
7. Communication with the orthodontist: If the discomfort persists or becomes intolerable, it is essential to communicate with the orthodontist. They can adjust the appliance, if necessary, or provide specific guidance on how to deal with the situation.
Let's remember that these discomforts are temporary and generally decrease as the mouth adapts to the appliance. Patience and open communication with the orthodontist are essential to make this initial phase more comfortable and ensure the success of the treatment.
Sequelae of orthodontic treatment
Incorrect use
Missing appointments, postponing appointments, all of this delays treatment. Using appliances that have been damaged or deformed by accidents, whether removable or fixed appliances – improper manipulation of teeth when using orthodontic appliances can result in several complications, such as:
1. Discomfort or pain: Moving teeth with braces can cause discomfort or pain in the jaw joint. This sensation is commonly experienced at the beginning of treatment, when the teeth are moved to a new position at each maintenance appointment.
2. Bone loss and gingival recession: When tooth movement is not aimed at leveling and aligning the teeth, it can result in bone loss, gingival recession, and root resorption, characterized by a decrease in the volume of a tooth's root.
3. Tooth root resorption: Improper application of orthodontic force to the teeth can cause tooth root resorption and bone loss. Consequently, the lack of bone support leads to tooth loss.
Sequelae of orthodontic treatment
Periodontitis is a contraindication for orthodontic therapy.
Periodontal involvement: Orthodontic movement in teeth with periodontal involvement can be challenging. However, through a multidisciplinary approach and adjustment of orthodontic mechanics to individual needs, it is possible to effectively treat these cases.
First, it is necessary to treat the periodontitis, To stop periodontal inflammation and halt bone tissue destruction, as well as eliminate areas of bacterial plaque buildup and train the patient with a... brushing technique efficient and auxiliary tools and brushes that reach Areas that are more difficult to access. Finally, after implementing all these measures, it will be possible to install the orthodontic appliance.
Sequelae of orthodontic treatment
Risk of root resorption
Root resorption is one of the undesirable consequences of orthodontic treatment, mainly affecting the upper incisors. During orthodontic treatment, the patient may be predisposed to root resorption, or the intensity of the force applied, very rapid movement, the type or duration of treatment can cause this phenomenon. Individuals with short or triangular-shaped roots are more prone to developing root resorption.
During orthodontic treatment, an inflammatory process results in resorption, often called external apical root resorption (EAR), because it primarily affects the contour of the root apex.
Especially very long treatments lasting 5, 6, or 7 years, often cause root resorption.
After identifying root resorption during orthodontic treatment, it is common for the dentist to pause tooth movement for a few months. This pause helps stabilize the resorption process. If, after a few months, the resorption process has stalled, the orthodontist can resume tooth movement.
Until the problem is resolved, it is essential to take X-rays monthly or every two months to monitor the progression of root resorption. Afterwards, the dentist can proceed with orthodontic treatment, using light forces for movement. However, the decision regarding the next steps after diagnosis will depend on several factors.
Sequelae of orthodontic treatment
Improper use of orthodontic appliances can result in bone loss. This occurs due to the components associated with fixed appliances, such as bands, arches, wires, and buttons, which hinder hygiene, potentially leading to periodontitis and, consequently, bone tissue degradation. Furthermore, applying excessive force can cause tooth resorption.
Bone loss occurs when the alveolar bone surrounding the root of the teeth is resorbed. This bone becomes worn, thinner, and lower, damaging not only the surrounding tissues but also the teeth themselves. In more critical situations, there is a risk of tooth loss.
In cases of widespread bone loss, the patient is not eligible for orthodontic treatment.
To prevent bone loss, it is crucial to adopt essential care measures, since serious problems like this can go unnoticed and lead to serious consequences for the patient's health. Therefore, it is essential to remember that when opting for orthodontic appliances, choosing a qualified professional, such as an orthodontist, is imperative.
To prevent these problems, it is essential to adopt a rigorous cleaning protocol, which involves the use of dental floss, an orthodontic toothbrush, an interdental brush, and mouthwash. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid hard, sticky, or bulky foods, as they can damage the braces and promote plaque buildup.
Another thing some people don't know is that after orthodontic treatment you will need to use another appliance – a retainer – both fixed and removable. This phase is much more user-friendly than with fixed braces. It is easily removed for eating and cleaning. This stage is important to stabilize the result achieved by the treatment. It is a static appliance used for at least 2 years.
If this step is not completed, there is a high possibility of relapse, a setback in treatment due to not using the retainer.
Aesthetic Aligners
An excellent new development in orthodontics is the advancement of aesthetic aligners – read the article We wrote about this type of treatment. It's a removable appliance, therefore it makes cleaning your teeth much easier: many of the side effects discussed here simply don't exist with these aligners.
Sequelae of orthodontic treatment
Therefore, we can say that the shorter the time with the appliance in the mouth, the better. However, it is important to highlight that people are different from each other and due to genetic, anatomical causes, the patient's age, musculature, hormonal causes, growth phase: all these factors interfere with the duration of treatment. So, even if the individual is responsible in attending appointments, it is possible that it will take longer than expected.
Author: Nivaldo Pinho CROSC 9696